Harry Thompson

Romania does something almost no other European country does: it publishes company financial statements through the tax authority, not the

In 2015, Ukraine became the first country in the world to make company beneficial-ownership data public. It went on to

Hungary publishes the full annual accounts of every double-entry-bookkeeping company — balance sheet, profit and loss, and notes — free,

Poland runs one of the most digitised company financial-data systems in Europe — and almost nobody outside the country knows

Belgium has the most accessible, machine-readable, and comprehensive private-company financial disclosure regime in continental Europe. Roughly 566,000 sets of annual

Preview — Swiss Company Financial Data from Zefix and the Handelsregister Switzerland hosts disproportionate corporate value for its size —

Italy has the largest commercial register in continental Europe — 6 million businesses, of which around 900,000 file annual financial

The Netherlands has one of the most digitally mature filing regimes in Europe — mandatory XBRL for nearly a decade,

Europe is home to roughly 40 million registered companies across the EU, the UK, the EEA, and Switzerland — and

Spain has 3.31 million economically active enterprises, 35 IBEX-listed blue chips, and one of Europe’s most punitive non-compliance regimes —